해상 및 항공운송 시 소요일이 변동되는 3가지 이유
예상 일정대로 해상 및 항공운송이 정확하게 진행되면 좋겠지만 외부 변수에 의하여 변동됩니다.
Oct 24, 2023
안녕하세요, 디지털 포워딩 쉽다(ShipDa)입니다. 오늘은 해상 및 항공운송 시 소요일이 변동되는 이유에 대해 안내드리려 합니다. 디지털에 진심인 남성해운과 쉽다가 컨텐츠를 함께 제작한 내용을 기반으로 본 포스팅이 작성되었습니다.
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해상, 항공 운송소요일이 변동되는 이유는 무엇일까요?
해상, 항공운송에는 ETD(예상 출발일), ETA(예상 도착일)이라는 용어가 있습니다. 말 그대로 "예상"인데요. 예상 일정대로 운송이 정확하게 진행되면 좋겠지만 외부 변수에 의하여 조정/변동되곤 합니다. 우리가 비행기를 탈 때에도 여러 외부 사항으로 인하여 지연되거나 결항되는데요. 화물을 옮겨 싣는 해상, 항공운송에서도 동일하게 적용됩니다.
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태풍 등 기상상황에 따라 달라집니다.
너무 당연하겠지만 날씨에 의한 영향을 받을 수 밖에 없습니다. 출항 시 태풍, 해일 등 궂은 날씨로 인하여 운송일자가 변경될 수 있습니다.
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터미널 접안 시, 선석 상황에 따라 지연될 수 있습니다.
해상, 항공운송 모두 목적지에 도착하게 되면 터미널에서 화물을 하역합니다. 하역한다는 의미는 배, 비행기에 담긴 화물을 빼내는 행위를 의미하구요. 근데 이 터미널에는 "선석(Berth)"라는 것이 존재합니다. 선석이란 선박이 접안하여 화물의 하역 작업을 할 수 있게 구축된 구조물을 의미하는데요.
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터미널에는 여러 선석들이 존재하지만, 이 선석들에 화물을 하역하고자 하는 다수의 해운사가 존재합니다. 이전 지연사유로 인하여 갑작스럽게 터미널 내 선석에 많은 컨테이너선이 접안하려 하면 마치 교통체증처럼 지연될 수 밖에 없습니다.
환적하게 되는 경우, 컨테이너 하역 과정에서 추가 지연이 발생할 수 있습니다.
직항과 환적의 차이점은 이전 포스팅에서 다뤄 봤는데요. 환적을 하게 되는 경우에는 특정 항구/공항에서 타 운송수단 혹은 타 선박/비행기로 화물을 옮겨 싣는 과정에서 지연이 발생할 수 있습니다. 또한 연결편인 선박/비행기가 앞에서 언급한 2가지 사유로 인해 지연되는 경우에는 어쩔 수 없지 "운송지연"이 발생하게 되죠.
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이렇게 운송 소요일이 변동되는 대표적인 3가지 이유에 대해서 안내 드렸습니다. 코로나 시기에는 이러한 소요일 정시성이 많이 악화되어 공급망 혼란이 있었는데, 현재는 정시성이 높은 수준으로 회복되었습니다.
본 컨텐츠를 영상으로 확인하고 싶으시다면, 아래 재생 버튼을 클릭해 주세요.
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디지털 물류 도입, 고민 중이라면?